Non-invasive brain stimulation for treating post-stroke depression: A network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the antidepressant effects and tolerability of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) treatments in patients with post-stroke depression (PSD). METHODS: We included randomized controlled trials comparing active stimulation with sham stimulation. Primary outcomes were the depression score after treatment, presented as standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals. Response/remission and long-term antidepressant efficacy were also examined. We estimated effect-size using pairwise and Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) with random-effects model. RESULTS: We identified 33 studies (total n = 1793). In NMA, 5 of 6 treatment strategies were associated with higher effect compared with sham therapy: dual rTMS (standardized mean differences = -1.5; 95% confidence interval = -2.5 to -0.57), dual LFrTMS (-1.5, -2.4 to -0.61), dual tDCS (-1.1, -1.5 to -0.62), HFrTMS (-1.1, -1.3 to -0.85) and LFrTMS (-0.90, -1.2 to -0.6). And dual rTMS, dual LFrTMS or HFrTMS may be more effective than other interventions for achieving antidepressant effects. Regarding secondary outcomes, rTMS can promote depression remission and response, and alleviate depression for at least 1 month. rTMS and tDCS were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral rTMS and HFrTMS are considered top-priority non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) interventions for improving PSD. Dual tDCS and LFrTMS are also efficient. SIGNIFICANCE: The findings of this study provide evidence for considering NIBS techniques as alternative or add-on treatments for patients with PSD. This work also emphasizes the need for future clinical trials to address the inadequacies identified in this review to optimize methodological quality.

Ursolic acid in / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of ursolic acid in Hippophae rhamnoides L. on hepatocyte apoptosis in rats with alcoholic liver disease based on the mitochondria-cytochrome c pathway. Methods A total of 50 specific pathogen-free male Wistar rats were divided into normal control group, alcohol model group, and low-, middle-, and high-dose ursolic acid groups using a random number table, with 10 rats in each group. The rats in the normal control group were given normal saline by gavage once a day for 8 weeks; the rats in the alcohol model group were given alcohol at increasing concentrations by gavage for 8 consecutive weeks; the rats in the low-, middle-, and high-dose ursolic acid groups were given ursolic acid at a dose of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg, respectively, followed by an equal volume of alcohol as the model group 1 hour later. Serum liver function parameters were measured for each group; HE staining was used to observe liver histopathology; an electron microscope was used to observe hepatocyte ultrastructure; the TUNEL method was used to measure hepatocyte apoptosis; Western Blotting was used to measure the protein expression levels of cytochrome c and activated caspase-3 in hepatocyte mitochondria and cytoplasm. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups. Results Compared with the alcohol model group, the middle- and high-dose ursolic acid groups had significant reductions in the serum level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and cholinesterase (all P < 0.05). The rats in the alcohol model group had disordered arrangement of hepatic cords with marked hepatocyte edema and fatty degeneration, while those in the middle- and high- dose ursolic acid groups had basically normal arrangement of hepatic cords and a significant improvement in hepatocyte fatty degeneration, as well as a significant increase in the number of hepatocyte mitochondria and a significant improvement in morphology. Compared with the alcohol model group, the middle- and high-dose ursolic acid groups had significantly lower hepatocyte apoptosis rate and protein expression levels of cytochrome c and caspase-3 in cytoplasm (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Ursolic acid in Hippophae rhamnoides L. can improve the liver function and histomorphology of rats with alcoholic liver disease, possibly by inhibiting the release of cytochrome c in hepatocyte mitochondria, the activation of caspase-3, and the apoptosis of hepatocytes via the mitochondria-cytochrome c pathway.

Immobilization of Lactobacillus bulgaricus with gellan gum and its application in continuous fermentation of D-lactic acid from corn straw / 生物工程学报

Biorefinery of chemicals from straw is an effective approach to alleviate the environmental pollution caused by straw burning. In this paper, we prepared gellan gum immobilized Lactobacillus bulgaricus T15 gel beads (LA-GAGR-T15 gel beads), characterized their properties, and established a continuous cell recycle fermentation process for D-lactate (D-LA) production using the LA-GAGR-T15 gel beads. The fracture stress of LA-GAGR-T15 gel beads was (91.68±0.11) kPa, which was 125.12% higher than that of the calcium alginate immobilized T15 gel beads (calcium alginate-T15 gel beads). This indicated that the strength of LA-GAGR-T15 gel beads was stronger, and the strain was less likely to leak out. The average D-LA production was (72.90±2.79) g/L after fermentation for ten recycles (720 h) using LA-GAGR-T15 gel beads as the starting strain and glucose as the substrate, which was 33.85% higher than that of calcium alginate-T15 gel beads and 37.70% higher than that of free T15. Subsequently, glucose was replaced by enzymatically hydrolyzed corn straw and fermented for ten recycles (240 h) using LA-GAGR-T15 gel beads. The yield of D-LA reached (1.74±0.79) g/(L·h), which was much higher than that of using free bacteria. The wear rate of gel beads was less than 5% after ten recycles, which indicated that LA-GAGR is a good carrier for cell immobilization and can be widely used in industrial fermentation. This study provides basic data for the industrial production of D-LA using cell-recycled fermentation, and provides a new way for the biorefinery of D-LA from corn straw.

Research progress of Helicobacter pylori vaccine / 细胞与分子免疫学杂志

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is one of most common pathogens causing gastrointestinal disorder including gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer, etc. It has been verified as class I carcinogen by WHO. Nowadays, combination antibiotics and proton pump inhibitor are mainly used to erase Hp in clinical application. However, with the increased resistance of Hp, the vaccine against Hp might become the best strategy to eradicate Hp. Elements including urease, virulence factor, outer membrane protein, flagella, play an important role in Hp infection, colonization and reproduction. They have become potential candidate antigens in the development of Hp vaccine, as reported in previous studies. Presently, these antigens-centric vaccines have been tested in animal models. Therefore, this article reviews the studies on Hp vaccine with urease, virulence genes, outer membrane protein and flagella as their candidate antigens, in an attempt to provide insights for research in this regard.

Advances in abscisic acid biosynthesis / 生物工程学报

Abscisic acid, a plant hormone that inhibits growth, is a key factor in balancing plant endogenous hormones and regulating growth and metabolism. Abscisic acid can improve the drought resistance and salt tolerance of crops, reduce fruit browning, reduce the incidence rate of malaria and stimulate insulin secretion, so it has a broad application potential in agriculture and medicine. Compared with traditional plant extraction and chemical synthesis, abscisic acid synthesis by microorganisms is an economic and sustainable route. At present, a lot of progress has been made in the synthesis of abscisic acid by natural microorganisms such as Botrytis cinerea and Cercospora rosea, while the research on the synthesis of abscisic acid by engineered microorganisms is rarely reported. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica and Escherichia coli are common hosts for heterologous synthesis of natural products due to their advantages of clear genetic background, easy operation and friendliness for industrial production. Therefore, the heterologous synthesis of abscisic acid by microorganisms is a more promising production method. The author reviews the research on the heterologous synthesis of abscisic acid by microorganisms from five aspects: selection of chassis cells, screening and expression enhancement of key enzymes, regulation of cofactors, enhancement of precursor supply and promotion of abscisic acid efflux. Finally, the future development direction of this field is prospected.

Current Status of Drug Development and Implementation for Diseases Included in the Second Catalog of Rare Diseases / 罕见病研究

The National Health Commission of the People′s Republic of China and six other departments jointly released the Second Catalog of Rare Diseases, which expanded the definition of rare diseases in China. The expansion of the catalog means greater attention to rare diseases at the national level, and is also expected to accelerate the launch of relevant rare disease drugs and benefit more rare disease patients. When the new rare disease catalog released, it is necessary to quickly sort out the availability of drugs and find out the base number for the advancement of subsequent relevant measures. This paper searched official medical information websites and medical databases such as the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), the Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE), and foreign drug regulatory agencies, and sorted out and summarized the subject categories of diseases included in the Second Catalog of Rare Diseases, the corresponding global research and development and implementation of drugs, as well as the medical insurance access situation in China, elaborates on the differences in the accessibility of orphan drugs at home and abroad. As China′s prevention, treatment and protection of rare diseases has reached a new point, plans and prospects are made for the introduction of relevant policies in the future, as well as the promotion of research and development and protection and other key tasks.

Analysis of dosimetric differences between active control and passive tracking of jaws / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To analyze the effect of the fixed-jaw technique on dosimetric parameters during dynamic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (DIMRT) planning. Methods Ten patients each with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, postoperative cervical cancer, and right breast cancer after radical surgery were selected for this study; all patients underwent DIMRT in our hospital in 2020. After administration at the prescribed dose, two methods were used to design the radiotherapy plan for each patient: split-field technique (SFT) and fixed-jaw technique (FJT). The two plans were compared for the differences in the dosimetric parameters and plan verification pass rate. Results Compared with SFT, FJT showed significant decreases (P <0.05) in the following parameters for patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, postoperative cervical cancer, and right breast cancer after radical surgery: number of radiation fields (down by 41.5%, 47.3%, and 34.9%, respectively, t = 7.954, 24.2, and 4.949, respectively), total number of monitor units (MUs) (down by 5.6%, 5.3%, and 13.5%, respectively, t = 3.211, 2.423, and 5.481, respectively), and actual beam-on time (down by 25.3%, 23.8%, and 13.6%, respectively, t = 5.814, 9.208, and 5.655, respectively). There were significant differences in some of the dosimetric parameters for all three types of cancer patients between the two plans (P <0.05). There were no significant differences in the plan verification pass rate (P >0.05). Conclusion FJT can reduce the total number of MUs and actual beam-on time while meeting the requirements for clinically prescribed doses in DIMRT planning.

Comparison of Diagnostic Performance Between PI-RADS v2.1 and PI-RADS v2 for Prostate Cancer: A Meta-analysis / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To compare the diagnostic performance of PI-RADS v2.1 and PI-RADS v2 in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer(csPCa) by Meta-analysis. Methods The major biomedical databases were searched (CNKI, CBM, Medline, and Embase) with the keywords "PIRADS v2.1" or "PI-RADS v2.1". The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies Tool v2 (QUADAS-2) was used to evaluate literature quality. Meta-analysis was performed using STATA17.0 and ReMan5.4 software. Forest plots were used to represent the sensitivity and specificity of PI-RADS v2.1 and PI-RADS v2 for each study. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were combined, and diagnostic performance was evaluated using asummary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC). Subgroup analysis was performed on three covariables: tumor location, threshold, and the nationality of authors. Results A total of 12 studies were included, involving 3 158 patients and 3 243 lesions. Forall zones and the whole gland, PI-RADS v2.1 had a larger area under the SROC curve (AUC) for csPCa performance, compared with PI-RADS v2. Subgroup analysis: PI-RADS v2.1 also had a larger area under the SROC (AUC) to detect transitional zone csPCa. Different diagnostic thresholds: when a score of 4 was used for the threshold, PI-RADS v2.1 had the maximum area under SROC (AUC) for csPCa performance detection. Author nationality: Researches of PI-RADS v2.1 in Chinese authors had the largest area under the SROC (AUC) in detecting csPCa performance. Conclusion Compared with PI-RADS v2, the diagnostic performance of PI-RADS v2.1 in detecting csPCa is not obviously improved and overall specificity is still low.

Effect of NAIF1 on IFIT Family Proteins in Gastric Cancer / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the effect of NAIF1 in gastric cancer cell lines MKN45. Methods We constructed pLVX-Tight-Flag-NAIF1-puro plasmid with Tet-on system. DOX was added to induce NAIF1 expression in MKN45 cells. The cells were collected at 0, 6, 12 and 24 hours after DOX addition for gene expression microarray detection and biological analysis of differentially expressed genes. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to verify the changes in mRNA and protein levels of the selected target differential genes. Results The biological analysis of gene microarray hybridization results showed that IFIT1, IFIT2 and IFIT3 expression significantly increased at 24h, qRT-PCR also showed this change, and Western blot further verified the change in protein level. However, IFIT5 showed no significant change in mRNA and gene expression. Conclusion Over-expression of NAIF1 in gastric cancer cells can promote the expression of some immune system-related IFIT family proteins.

Comparison of Mental Health Symptom Changes from pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 by Sex or Gender: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ImportanceWomen and gender-diverse individuals have faced disproportionate socioeconomic burden during COVID-19. There have been reports that this has translated into greater negative changes in mental health, but this has been based on cross-sectional research that has not accounted for pre-COVID-19 differences. ObjectiveTo compare mental health symptom changes since pre-COVID-19 by sex or gender. Data SourcesMEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, medRxiv, and Open Science Framework (December 31, 2019 to August 30, 2021). Study SelectionEligible studies compared mental health symptom changes from pre-COVID-19 to COVID-19 by sex or gender. Data Extraction and SynthesisData was extracted by a single reviewer with validation by a second reviewer. Adequacy of study methods and reporting was assessed using an adapted version of the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Prevalence Studies. A restricted maximum-likelihood random-effects meta-analyses was conducted. Main Outcomes and MeasuresAnxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, general mental health, and stress measured continuously or dichotomously. Results12 studies (10 unique cohorts) were included. All compared females or women to males or men; none included gender-diverse individuals. Continuous symptom change differences were not statistically significant for depression (standardized mean difference [SMD]= 0.12, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.33; 4 studies, 4,475 participants; I2=69.0%) and stress (SMD= - 0.10, 95% CI -0.21 to 0.01; 4 studies, 1,533 participants; I2=0.0%), but anxiety (SMD= 0.15, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.22; 4 studies, 4,344 participants; I2=3.0%) and general mental health (SMD= 0.15, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.18; 3 studies, 15,692 participants; I2=0.0%) worsened more among females or women than males or men during COVID-19. There were no significant differences in changes in proportion above a cut-off: anxiety (difference= -0.05, 95% CI -0.20 to 0.11; 1 study, 217 participants), depression (difference= 0.12, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.28; 1 study, 217 participants), general mental health (difference= -0.03, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.04; 3 studies, 18,985 participants; I2=94.0%), stress (difference= 0.04, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.17; 1 study, 217 participants). Conclusion and RelevanceMental health outcomes did not differ or were worse by amounts below thresholds for clinical significance for women compared to men. RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42020179703). KEY MESSAGESO_ST_ABSQuestionC_ST_ABSDid mental health symptoms worsen more for females or women than males or men in COVID-19? FindingsWe reviewed almost 65,000 citations and identified 12 studies that provided data to directly compare mental health symptom changes from pre-COVID-19 to during COVID-19 for females or women versus males or men. Statistically significant, but small, sex- or gender-based differences were found in 2 of 8 mental health outcomes. MeaningMental health changes among females or women were not significantly different from males or men for most outcomes, and differences that were identified were small and less than minimally important difference thresholds.

Comparison of Mental Health Symptoms prior to and during COVID-19: Evidence from a Living Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ObjectivesThe rapid pace, high volume, and limited quality of mental health evidence that has been generated during COVID-19 poses a barrier to understanding mental health outcomes. We sought to summarize results from studies that compared mental health outcomes during COVID-19 to outcomes assessed prior to COVID-19 in the same cohort in the general population and in other groups for which data have been reported. DesignLiving systematic review. Data SourcesMEDLINE (Ovid), PsycINFO (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), EMBASE (Ovid), Web of Science Core Collection: Citation Indexes, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, medRxiv (preprints), and Open Science Framework Preprints (preprint server aggregator). Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesFor this report, we included studies that compared general mental health, anxiety symptoms, or depression symptoms, assessed January 1, 2020 or later, to the same outcomes collected between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019. Any population was eligible. We required [≥] 90% of participants pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19 to be the same or the use of statistical methods to address missing data. For population groups with continuous outcomes for at least two studies in an outcome domain, we conducted restricted maximum-likelihood random-effects meta-analyses. Worse COVID-19 mental health outcomes are reported as positive. Risk of bias of included studies was assessed using an adapted version of the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Prevalence Studies. ResultsAs of April 11, 2022, we had reviewed 94,411 unique titles and abstracts and identified 137 unique eligible studies with data from 134 cohorts. Almost all studies were from high-income (105, 77%) or upper-middle income (28, 20%) countries. Among adult general population studies, we did not find changes in general mental health (standardized mean difference of change [SMDchange = 0.11, 95% CI -0.00 to 0.22) or anxiety symptoms (SMDchange = 0.05, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.13), but depression symptoms worsened minimally (SMDchange = 0.12, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.24). Among women or females, mental health symptoms worsened by minimal to small amounts in general mental health (SMDchange = 0.22, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.35), anxiety symptoms (SMDchange = 0.20, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.29), and depression symptoms (SMDchange = 0.22, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.40). Of 27 other analyses across outcome domains, among subgroups other than women or females, 5 analyses suggested minimal or small amounts of symptom worsening, and 2 suggested minimal or small symptom improvements. No other subgroup experienced statistically significant changes across outcome domains. In the 3 studies with data from March to April 2020 and later in 2020, symptoms either were unchanged from pre-COVID-19 at both time points or increased initially then returned to pre-COVID-19 levels. Heterogeneity measured by the I2 statistic was high (e.g., > 80%) for most analyses, and there was concerning risk of bias in most studies. ConclusionsHigh risk of bias in many studies and substantial heterogeneity suggest that point estimates should be interpreted cautiously. Nonetheless, there was general consistency across analyses in that most symptom change estimates were close to zero and not statistically significant, and changes that were identified were of minimal to small magnitudes. There were, however, small negative changes for women or females in all domains. It is possible that gaps in data have not allowed identification of changes in some vulnerable groups. Continued updating is needed as evidence accrues. Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CMS-171703; MS1-173070; GA4-177758; WI2-179944); McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity Emergency COVID-19 Research Fund (R2-42). Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42020179703); registered on April 17, 2020.

Effects of COVID-19 Mental Health Interventions among Community-based Children, Adolescents, and Adults: A Living Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials

BackgroundScalable interventions to address COVID-19 mental health are needed. Our objective was to assess effects of mental health interventions for community-based children, adolescents, and adults. MethodsWe searched 9 databases (2 Chinese-language) from December 31, 2019 to March 22, 2021. We included randomised controlled trials with non-hospitalised, non-quarantined participants of interventions to address COVID-19 mental health challenges. We synthesized results descriptively but did not pool quantitatively due to substantial heterogeneity of populations and interventions and concerns about risk of bias. FindingsWe identified 9 eligible trials, including 3 well-conducted, well-reported trials that tested interventions designed specifically for COVID-19 mental health challenges, plus 6 trials of standard interventions (e.g., individual or group therapy, expressive writing, mindfulness recordings) minimally adapted for COVID-19, all with risk of bias concerns. Among the 3 COVID-19-specific intervention trials, one (N = 670) found that a self-guided, internet-based cognitive-behavioural intervention targeting dysfunctional COVID-19 worry significantly reduced COVID-19 anxiety (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.74, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.90) and depression symptoms (SMD 0.38, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.55) in Swedish general population participants. A lay-delivered telephone intervention for homebound older adults in the United States (N = 240) and a peer-moderated education and support intervention for people with a rare autoimmune condition from 12 countries (N = 172) significantly improved anxiety (SMD 0.35, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.60; SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.58) and depressive symptoms (SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.56; SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.55) 6-weeks post-intervention, but these were not significant immediately post-intervention. No trials in children or adolescents were identified. InterpretationInternet-based programs for the general population and lay-or peer-delivered interventions for vulnerable groups may be effective, scalable options for public mental health in COVID-19. More well-conducted trials, including for children and adolescents, are needed. FundingCanadian Institutes of Health Research (CMS-171703; MS1-173070); McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity Emergency COVID-19 Research Fund (R2-42). RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42020179703); registered on April 17, 2020. RESEARCH IN CONTEXTO_ST_ABSEvidence before this studyC_ST_ABSWe searched for systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials of interventions to address mental health challenges in COVID-19. We used searches from our living systematic review, which were not limited by study design and reviewed citations through April 29, 2021 from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, medRxiv (preprints), and Open Science Framework Preprints (preprint server aggregator). We identified 4 systematic reviews of interventions for COVID-19 mental health with search dates between April and September 2020. None, however, included evidence from any completed randomised controlled trials on mental health interventions for community-based children, adolescents, or adults during COVID-19. Added value of this studyOur systematic review is the only living systematic review on COVID-19 community-based mental health interventions registered in PROSPERO and, to the best of our knowledge, the first systematic review to synthesize evidence on completed randomised controlled trials of COVID-19 mental health interventions. The sheer volume of evidence being published in COVID-19 poses a barrier to effective synthesis and policy response. We reviewed over 45,000 citations in any language and distilled this to 9 verified eligible community-based trials. Of these, there were 3 well-conducted trials of interventions designed specifically to be scalable to address challenges of public mental health in COVID-19. One trial showed that internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy in the Swedish general population (N = 670) reduced COVID-19 anxiety and symptoms of depression. Trials that tested a lay-delivered telephone support intervention for homebound older adults in the United States (N = 240) and a peer-moderated group intervention for people with a rare autoimmune condition from 12 countries (N = 172) also found that they improved mental health outcomes, although not all outcomes were statistically significant. Implications of all the available evidenceEffective, scalable, and feasibly delivered mental health interventions are needed for the general public and vulnerable groups as lockdown restrictions continue, even intermittently, and because COVID-19 mental health implications will likely persist beyond the pandemic. Although we identified only 3 high-quality trials, they demonstrated approaches that can be feasibly adopted to meet the needs of adults in the general public and vulnerable groups. The successful internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy intervention was made available to the Swedish general public free-of-charge following testing and suggests that online tools tailored for specific concerns in COVID-19 may represent an efficient way of addressing public mental health. Two lay-and peer-delivered interventions, consistent with pre-COVID-19 evidence, suggest that low-intensity, non-professionally delivered, support-oriented approaches can be leveraged among vulnerable groups. The absence of trials of interventions for children and adolescents underlines the need for evidence on scalable strategies for this population, including school-based approaches.

A Rapid Health Technology Assessment of Rosuvastatin Applicated in Patients with Dyslipidemia / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To rapidly evaluate the effectiveness，safety and economics of rosuvastatin （RSV）in the treatment of dyslipidemia，so as to provide evidence-based support for clinical drug use. METHODS ：Retrieved from PubMed ，Embase， Cochrane Library ，CNKI，Wanfang database and CBM ，etc.，health technology assessment （HTA）related website and database were searched systematically to select HTA report ，Meta-analysis/systemic evaluation and pharmacoeconomics study about RSV versus placebo or other positive drugs in the treatment of dyslipidemia. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria ，two researchers independently screened the literatures ，extracted and summarized the data ，then performed qualitative description of results. RESULTS ：Totally 11 Meta-analysis and 11 pharmacoeconomic studies were included ，and no relevant HTA report was retrieved. Results of the study showed that compared with the control group ，RSV could regulate dyslipidemia ，and reduce the levels of LDL-C ，TG，TC，C-reactive protein and sdLDL ；RSV could also reverse atherosclerotic plaque ，reduce all-cause mortality with good safety. In terms of economy ，compared with other statins or placebo ，RSV could prolong quality-adjusted life year，its incremental cost-effectiveness ratio is lower than the desired payment threshold ，which had more economic advantages. CONCLUSIONS：RSV is effective ，safe and economical in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Research progresses of neonatal cerebral network reorganization following hypoxic ischemic injury / 中国医学影像技术

Hypoxic ischemia (HI) is a fatal cause of neonatal encephalopathy and death. The developing brain can adjust the structures and function of brain according to different states due to neural plasticity. Understanding the pathophysiological process and cerebral network reorganization of neural damage after HI is very important for early diagnosis and intervention of disease. The research progresses of mechanism of neonatal cerebral network reorganization following HI were reviewed in this article.

Factors Influencing Hearing Disability and Reduction in Disability among First-time Hearing Aid Users in Singapore

INTRODUCTION@#This study aims to examine the factors associated with self-reported hearing disability and early reduction in disability after first-time hearing aid (HA) fitting in Singapore.@*METHODS@#Retrospective record review of 1,068 subjects issued with HAs at a tertiary hospital from 2001 to 2013.@*RESULTS@#Subjects reporting ≥5 disabilities reduced from 90% to 24% after HA fitting. 'Difficulty hearing in noise' was the commonest disability before and after HA fitting, while 'needs to increase volume of TV/radio' was the disability with most improvement after fitting. In multivariable models, having worse pure tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds of the better hearing ear and being ethnically Chinese were associated with subjects reporting more hearing disabilities. A higher proportion of subjects reported a reduction rather than an absence of disability after HA fitting. In multivariable models, daily HA usage for ≥4 hours, sensorineural hearing loss (HL) and worse PTA thresholds of the better hearing ear were associated with reduction in more disabilities after HA fitting.@*CONCLUSION@#Hearing disability is high among first-time HA users in Singapore. Ethnicity and PTA thresholds were associated with self-reported hearing disability. After HA fitting, higher daily HA usage, sensorineural HL, and worse PTA thresholds of the better hearing ear were associated with early reduction in disability. Patient counselling on the benefits of HL rehabilitation could focus on hearing disability rather than PTA thresholds. The management of patients' expectations could focus on reducing rather than eliminating disability.

Study on Quality Risk Management of Ethical Review of Dr ug Clin ical Trials / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To pro vide suggestions for imp roving the quality of ethical review of drug clinical trials in China and protecting the rights and interests of subjects. METHODS ：Guided by risk management theory ，the literature research method ， expert opinion method and analytic hierarchy process method were used to sort out the ethical review process of drug clinical trials ， extract and determine the risk factors that affect the quality of ethical review ，and determine the weight of each risk factor. Suggestions were put forward improving the ethical review of drug clinical trials in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ： Established ethical review risk index system of drug clinical trials included 31 influential factors of 5 aspects；the order of importance（weights）of 5 aspects affecting the quality of ethical review of drug clinical trials was as follows ：the construction of the medical ethics committee （0.263 5），the management of review meetings （0.251 4），follow-up review （0.194 5），the acceptance and processing of review applications （0.189 2），and the management of documents and files （0.101 4）. The influential factors with high weight included “withdrawal of people with conflict of interest in the discussion and voting process （0.078 7）” “timely review or conference discussion of scheme modification ，informed consent modification ，serious adverse events ，etc. （0.070 5）”“clarification and external exhibition of the work process and time of ethical review （0.059 8）”“unified and standardized review standards and approval standards （0.052 1）”，etc. The quality of ethical review can be improved by avoiding people with conflict of interest in the discussion and voting process ，timely reviewing or holding ethics meetings on scheme modification ， informed consent modification ，serious adverse events ，etc.，clarifying the working process and time of ethical review ，and establishing unified and standardized review standards and approval standards.

The dosimetric effect of inconsistency of bladder filling states between CT simulation and IMRT treatment for prostate cancer patients / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To analyze the dosimetric effect of inconsistent bladder filling states between the CT simulation and treatment for prostate cancer patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT).Methods A total of 42 prostate cancer patients treated with IMRT were selected.After vacuum pad immobilization and simulation CT scan,the delineation of targets and organs-at-risk (OARs),treatment planning and dose calculation were performed on treatment planning system (TPS).The cone-beam-CT (CBCT) acquired before the first treatment was registered to planning CT,on which the target contours were duplicated and OARs were delineated.After dose recalculation on the CBCT using the same plan,the dosimetric differences on the CT and CBCT were compared,including mean dose of the planning target volume (PTV),homogeneity index (HI),conformity index (CI);the mean dose,V30,V40,V50,V60,and V65 of bladder and rectum respectively.Results Relative to the bladder volumes at simulation,the patients were divided into two groups with larger (15 cases) or smaller (27 cases) bladders at the first treatment.Comparing the parameters obtained from simulation CT with that from CBCT,the differences of the following parameters were of statistical significance:the bladder volume,PTV HI,PTV CI in both groups (t =6.838,-4.372,-3.553,-3.462,6.380,5.037,P＜ 0.05),the bladder V30,V40,V50,V60,V65(t=-5.004,-4.092,-3.124,-2.707,-2.489,P ＜0.05) and rectal V40,V50,V60,V65,mean dose in the group with smaller bladders (t=-2.946,-2.643,-2.426,-3.127,-2.530,P ＜ 0.05),and the bladder V30,V40,V50 and mean dose in group with larger bladders (t =5.107,4.204,3.777,4.155,P＜0.05).Conclusions For prostate cancer patients undergoing IMRT,the inconsistent bladder filling states between the planning and treatment will cause disimetric differences of targets and OARs.

Complement mediated tumor immune escape and its application in immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy / 中华检验医学杂志

The complement system is an important part of the innate immune system. More evidence showed that the function of complement was not only limited to the elimination of pathogens and other risk factors from the body but also affected the immune escape mechanism of the tumor through different activating pathways. Because of the complex and important role of complement in the tumor, this review expounds the mechanism of complement system participating in immune escape of the tumor from three aspects: complement inherent components, complement activation products and complement regulatory proteins. Additionally, these mechanisms are expected to provide a new application of complement in tumor immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Complement mediated tumor immune escape and its application in immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy / 中华检验医学杂志

The complement system is an important part of the innate immune system. More evidence showed that the function of complement was not only limited to the elimination of pathogens and other risk factors from the body but also affected the immune escape mechanism of the tumor through different activating pathways. Because of the complex and important role of complement in the tumor, this review expounds the mechanism of complement system participating in immune escape of the tumor from three aspects:complement inherent components, complement activation products and complement regulatory proteins. Additionally, these mechanisms are expected to provide a new application of complement in tumor immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Research trends and hot spots in campus bullying using CiteSpace software / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the hot issues and developing trend of the research of campus bulling,and to provide a reference for the research on campus bullying.@*Methods@#The power of research, high-impact authors, highly cited journals, high-frequency keywords, and burst terms related to school bullying from the Web of Science database were analyzed using CiteSpace software. The data collection time was May 9, 2018.@*Results@#A total of 3 561 literature data were obtained. The results showed that the country with the highest number of publications was the United States; England had the highest centrality and was in a critical position in the research. The University of Turku in Finland was the core research institution. Salmivalli C was the author of the highest publication, Olweus D was the most frequent cited author. The high-impact journal was Aggressive Behavior. In terms of high-frequency keywords, the core vocabulary such as bully, adolescence, and victim were listed. Middle school students were the most frequently studied; in the form of bullying, the frequency of violence, aggression, and cyberbully was more common; depression, mental health and health appeared more frequently in terms of bullying outcomes. Mutant words including school children, bullying, victimization, relational aggression were more common.@*Conclusion@#The research hotspots on campus bullying during the past decade include violence, gender, social support, and mental health. Bullying among college students will be a hot research topic in the future. Continued efforts should be carried out in the field of campus bullying in China.